Basic Properties of Water Thermal power plants used for the generation of electricity utilize water as the working fluid. Water is known as a 'pure substance' because it always has the same chemical composition irrespective of its phase, be it water, ice, or steam. Because water can exist as different phases at different temperatures, there are differences in volume and other properties. Calculation of the properties at each phase and at various temperatures or pressures is very time consuming.
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Therefore the properties of steam such as the pressure, temperature, specific volume, enthalpy, and entropy are available in a tabular form, and they are known as the thermodynamics steam table. For engineers, the calculations are simplified as the values are picked up from the steam table and do not have to be calculated by complex calculations each time. The steam tables and the graphical charts known as Mollier diagrams are used worldwide by engineering students and professional engineers. What are Steam Tables? The thermodynamics steam tables contain the following tables:. Saturated water and steam temperature tables: In these tables for every temperature the absolute pressure, specific volume for saturated water and saturated steam, specific enthalpy for saturated water and saturated steam and specific entropy for saturated and saturated steam are given.
This is a free service. Free Steam Tables Calculator. Steam Table calculations based on the Industrial Formulation (IAPWS-IF97). Calculate main properties of water and steam based on pressure and temperature input. Save data to Excel, CSV or Open Office File Format.
Steam Tables Gadget. Uses the Steam97 Excel Add-In library calculation engine. The Steam Tables gadget is based on the Industrial Formulation 1997 for the Thermodynamic Properties of Water and Steam (IAPWS-IF97). Enter pressure and temperature and press the 'Calculate' button to display results. Linear Interpolation Calculator is a free solution that gives you the possibility to interpolate between values to arrive to the correct intermediate result. Linear interpolation has many uses usually in steam tables to find the unknown. Mar 10, 2011 Steam table calculator Excel add-in based on IAPWS-97 standard which calculates 23 steam properties such as: Temperature, Pressure, Enthalpy, Entropy,Quality,Density,Internal Energy, etc. English and SI input and output units are supported. Last update 10 Mar. 2011 Licence Free to try $99.00 OS Support Windows 2000 Downloads Total: 6,123.
Saturated water and steam pressure tables: In these tables for every pressure the temperature, specific volume for saturated water and saturated steam, specific enthalpy for saturated water and saturated steam and specific entropy for saturated and saturated steam is given. Specific volume of superheated steam: In this table for every pressure the saturation temperature and the specific volume at various temperatures are given. Enthalpy of superheated steam: In this table for every pressure the saturation temperature and the enthalpy of superheated steam at various temperatures are given.
Entropy of superheated steam: In this table for every pressure the saturation temperature and the entropy of superheated steam at various temperatures are given. Specific volume of superheated steam: In this table at every absolute pressure the specific volume of supercritical steam is given. Enthalpy of supercritical steam: In this table at every absolute pressure the enthalpy of supercritical steam is given. Entropy of supercritical steam: In this table at every absolute pressure the entropy of supercritical steam is given.
How to Use the Steam Table In steam tables the properties of the dry steam are listed and for the wet steam the properties may be calculated from the steam tables of the dry and saturated steam. For values that are not listed exactly in the tables, the value between two figures can be obtained by linear interpolation. Interpolation is a mathematical tool by which, depending on the interval between two variables, a value in between can be calculated. The steam table shown above is a saturated water and steam table. As all the other tables are used on the same principle we will only discuss this one. For an absolute pressure of 9 bars, the saturation temperature is 175.4 C. It means that at a temperature of 175.4 and above C all of the steam will be saturated.
Of course, any temperature above this will be super heating of the steam. It must be noted however that at 175.4 C, depending on the latent heat supplied for vaporization, the steam can have any dryness faction. V g is the specific volume of steam, h f is the specific enthalpy of water, h g is the specific enthalpy of steam, s f is the specific entropy of water, and s g is the specific entropy of steam.
We will now become familiar with this formula: h = h f + xL where x is dryness fraction and L = h g – h f By the above formula, if we know the dryness fraction of steam, we can calculate the enthalpy of wet steam, and its value would lie between that of the saturated water and saturated steam. For example if the dryness fraction is 0.8 for steam at 9 bars absolute pressure in bars. Referring to the steam table above, h f = 743 kJ/Kg, L = 2031 kJ/Kg, h = 743 + 0.8 x 2031 = 2367.8 kJ/Kg This is a simple sample calculation; for more complex ones, please refer to your book on thermodynamics, but the essence is the same.
This is a 3 months subscription fee for using the Steam Tables Spreadsheet, Steam Tables Calculator and the Gas Tables Calculator online. Steam Tables Spreadsheet Features. Steam Table calculations based on the Industrial Formulation (IAPWS-IF97). Create charts with calculated data.
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Save data to Excel. Open saved spreadsheet and continue working. Steam Tables Calculator Features.
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Steam Table calculations based on the Scientific Formulation (IAPWS-95). Steam Table calculations based on the Industrial Formulation (IAPWS-IF97). Steam turbine calculations. Flash evaporator calculations. Mollier diagrams. Gas Table (combustion gases) calculations. Save data to Excel, CSV or Open Office File Format.